DEFINITION OF TEST, MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION, AND TYPES OF ASSESSMENT: INFORMAL, FORMAL, FORMATIVE, AND SUMMATIVE

DEFINITION OF TEST, MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION, AND TYPES OF ASSESSMENT: INFORMAL, FORMAL, FORMATIVE, AND SUMMATIVE

A. DEFINITION OF TEST
1. A test or quiz is used to examine someone's knowledge of something to determine what he or she knows or has learned. Testing measures the level of skill or knowledge that has been reached.
2. Test defined as a way or method to determine the ability of students to complete a particular task or demonstrate mastery of a skill or knowledge.

B. DEFINITION OF MEASUREMENT
1. Measurement defined as a procedure of giving a number (quantification) to an attribute or variable along a continuum.
2. Measurement defined as a process or activity to determine the quantity of something that is numerical. Measurement is more quantitative in nature, even an instrument for conducting assessments.

C. DEFINITION OF ASSESSMENT
1. Nana Sudjana  defined assessment as the process of giving or determining values to certain objects based on certain criteria.
2. Assessment defined as the process of documenting knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs, usually in measurable terms. The goal of assessment is to make improvements, as opposed to simply being judged. In an educational context, assessment is the process of describing, collecting, recording, scoring, and interpreting information about learning.

D. DEFINITION OF EVALUATION
1. Learning evaluation defined as a process or activity to determine values, criteria-judgment or actions in learning.
2. Evaluation defined as the process of making judgments based on criteria and evidence.

E. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
1. INFORMAL ASSESSMENT
Informal assessment does not contribute to a student's final grade. An informal assessment usually occurs in a more casual manner and may include observation, inventories, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, performance and portfolio assessments, participation, peer and self-evaluation, and discussion.

2. FORMAL ASSESSMENT
Formal assessment usually implies a written document, such as a test, quiz, or paper. A formal assessment is given a numerical score or grade based on student performance.

3. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
One way to think about it: Assess a student's performance during instruction, and usually occurs regularly throughout the instruction process. Another way to think about it: Like a doctor's 'check-up' to provide data to revise instruction.

4. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
One way to think about it: Measure a student's achievement at the end of instruction. Another way to think about it: It's a macabre, but if the formative assessment is the check-up, you might think of summative assessment as the autopsy. What happened? Now that it's all over, what went right and what went wrong?

Reference:

https://penelitiantindakankelas.blogspot.com/2013/01/pengertian-evaluasi-pengertian-penilaian-pengertian-pengukuran.html
https://alatukurpsikologi.blogspot.com/2012/10/measurement.html
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/testing/testing2.html
https://www.gurupendidikan.co.id/assessment-adalah/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_assessment#Informal_and_formal
https://teachthought.com/pedagogy/6-types-assessment-learning/
https://yogapermanawijaya.wordpress.com/2014/10/16/pengertian-pengukuran-measurement-penilaian-assessment-dan-evaluasi-evaluate-dalam-pendidikan/
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/testing/testing2.html